Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Coordinated Tuning of Ionizable Lipids and Formulation Redirects mRNA Vaccines Toward Lymphoid-Specific CD4 + T Cell Immunity

doi: 10.64898/2026.04.16.719092

Figure Lengend Snippet: (a) Experimental scheme for in vivo screening. C57BL/6N mice were intramuscularly administered fLuc mRNA-loaded LNPs (0.05 mg/kg) and bioluminescence was assessed at 6 h post-injection by IVIS imaging. (b) Representative in vivo IVIS bioluminescence images of nine LNP formulations. (c) Quantification of bioluminescence signals at the injection site. (d) Quantification of bioluminescence signals in the liver. (e) Injection site-to-liver bioluminescence ratio (n = 2 per group). N4Y and N4Z were selected as lead candidates based on high injection site expression and minimal hepatic off-target signal. (f, g) Time-dependent serum levels of MCP-1 (f) and IL-6 (g) following intramuscular administration of N4Y- or N4Z-based LNPs encapsulating SARS-CoV-2 spike mRNA (0.5 mg/kg) in BALB/c mice (n = 4 per group). Statistical significance was determined by unpaired two-tailed Student’s t-test at each time point. Data are presented as mean ± SEM. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001.

Article Snippet: Luciferase expression was assessed by whole-body bioluminescence imaging and ex vivo imaging of harvested organs using an IVIS system (PerkinElmer).

Techniques: In Vivo, Injection, Imaging, Expressing, Two Tailed Test

Journal: bioRxiv

Article Title: Coordinated Tuning of Ionizable Lipids and Formulation Redirects mRNA Vaccines Toward Lymphoid-Specific CD4 + T Cell Immunity

doi: 10.64898/2026.04.16.719092

Figure Lengend Snippet: (a) Schematic comparison of lipid compositions of N4Z and optimized N4Z (N4Z-opt) formulations. (b) mRNA encapsulation efficiency (n = 3). (c) Hydrodynamic diameter (n = 3). (d) Polydispersity index (PDI) (n = 3). (e) Representative flow cytometry contour plots showing GFP expression in RAW 264.7 macrophages following delivery of PBS, N4Z, and N4Z-opt. (f) Mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) of GFP expression in RAW 264.7 macrophages (n = 3). (g) Representative in vivo IVIS bioluminescence images following intramuscular administration of fLuc mRNA-loaded N4Z or N4Z-opt LNPs. (h) Injection site-to-body bioluminescence ratio (n = 3). (i) Representative ex vivo organ images showing bioluminescence in liver, spleen, and lymph node. (j) Spleen-to-liver bioluminescence ratio (n = 3). (k) Lymph node-to-liver bioluminescence ratio (n = 3). Statistical significance for (b–d) was determined by unpaired two-tailed Student’s t -test. Statistical significance for (f, h, j, k) was determined by one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s multiple comparisons test. Data are presented as mean ± SEM. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001.

Article Snippet: Luciferase expression was assessed by whole-body bioluminescence imaging and ex vivo imaging of harvested organs using an IVIS system (PerkinElmer).

Techniques: Comparison, Encapsulation, Flow Cytometry, Expressing, Fluorescence, In Vivo, Injection, Ex Vivo, Two Tailed Test

Journal: Frontiers in Oncology

Article Title: miR-1246 in tumor extracellular vesicles promotes metastasis via increased tumor cell adhesion and endothelial cell barrier destruction

doi: 10.3389/fonc.2023.973871

Figure Lengend Snippet: High metastatic tumor EVs induce tumor cell adhesion to the lung and promote lung metastasis. (A) The experimental design of tumor EV and tumor cell injection. Tumor cells were injected after five injections of A375SM-EVs. After 24 h and 40 days, tumor cell signals were analyzed using an in vivo imaging system (IVIS). (B, C) Tumor cell luminescence intensity in the lungs of the control and A375SM-EV injected groups was detected using IVIS Spectrum 24 h after tumor injection (B) . Quantitative analysis of luminescence intensity (Total flux) was shown in (C) (**P = 0.012, Wilcoxon test; n = 5 mice per group). (D) Tumor cell luminescence intensity in the control and A375SM-EV injected groups after 40 days from tumor injection was detected using IVIS Spectrum. Quantitative analysis of luminescence intensity (Total flux) was shown in (E) (**P = 0.037, Wilcoxon test; n = 5 mice per group). (F) Representative H-E staining images of lung metastases in the two groups. Arrows indicate tumor nodules. (G) The number of metastatic nodules in the whole lung tissue was quantified (**P = 0.026, Wilcoxon test; n = 5 mice per group).

Article Snippet: After 24 h, VivoGlo Luciferin, In Vivo Grade (Promega), was intraperitoneally administered, and the tumor cell signals were detected using IVIS Spectrum (Caliper Life Sciences, Hopkinton, MA, USA) to analyze tumor cell adhesion to the lung.

Techniques: Injection, In Vivo Imaging, Control, Quantitative Luminescence, Staining

Journal: Frontiers in Oncology

Article Title: miR-1246 in tumor extracellular vesicles promotes metastasis via increased tumor cell adhesion and endothelial cell barrier destruction

doi: 10.3389/fonc.2023.973871

Figure Lengend Snippet: miR-1246 knockdown of tumor cells reduces lung metastasis. (A) Images of mice, 28 days after subcutaneous injection of Control-miR A375SM and Anti-miR-1246 A375SM. (B) miR-1246 levels in serum EVs from Control-miR A375SM or Anti-miR-1246 A375SM tumor-bearing mice. Sera were collected 28 days after subcutaneous injection of each tumor (**P = 0.037, Wilcoxon test; data are presented as mean ± SD; n = 3 real-time RT-PCR runs, n = 5 mice per group). (C) Tumor volume was assessed using the formula: (width 2 × length)/2 (mm 3 ). Two-sided Student’s t-test. N.S.: not significant. P = 0.42 (D) Tumor cell fluorescence intensity (GFP signal) in the lungs was detected using IVIS Spectrum. Quantitative analysis of fluorescence intensity (Total flux) was shown in (E) (**P = 0.022, Wilcoxon test; n = 5 mice per group).

Article Snippet: After 24 h, VivoGlo Luciferin, In Vivo Grade (Promega), was intraperitoneally administered, and the tumor cell signals were detected using IVIS Spectrum (Caliper Life Sciences, Hopkinton, MA, USA) to analyze tumor cell adhesion to the lung.

Techniques: Knockdown, Injection, Control, Quantitative RT-PCR, Fluorescence